The Far Eastern seas, among all Russian seas, are distinguished by the richest species diversity of mammals, fish, invertebrates and algae.To date, more than eight hundred different species of algae have been identified in the Okhotsk, Bering, and Japanese Seas.In addition to the well-known kelp kelp, red algae or purple algae live in the Far Eastern seas. These are some of the most ancient representatives of the plant world on earth. Their fossilized remains date back more than 1 billion years. Moreover, both then and today the red algae had a similar appearance. Purple algae differ from all other green and brown algae in that, in addition to chlorophyll, they have other pigments such as phycobilins and caratinoids.Thanks to such a set of pigments, purple spots can synthesize organic substances under the influence of the entire visible spectrum and grow at considerable depths. Today, scientists not only study, but also get a lot of useful and medicinal products from red algae. Due to its chemical composition, red algae are widely used in food, medicinal, and cosmetology production.In the composition of the scarlets, they were found:- starch;- agar;- mannans;- floridoside;- agaroids;- Carrageenans;- polyatomic alcohols;- cellulose;- Xylan.The most famous red algae of the Far Eastern seas is anfeltia or anfeltia Tobuchinskaya. The bushes of this algae reach a height of 25 cm. Her stratum is rigid, with many internodes. The shoots are thin, the internodes are more thickened. The color is heterogeneous, dark, with a purple tinge, and may be of different intensity due to the uneven arrangement of pigments. At the bottom, these algae are able to form solid thickets or simply lie on the bottom in dense layers, since there are no attachment organs. They extract either those algae that are thrown ashore by a storm, or combing the bottom with special dredges.The main use of the red algae of anthelsia is the production of agar-agar. The main problems are related to the fact that anthelcium reserves off the Russian coast can be processed into agar - agar and bring profit to Far Eastern enterprises. However, this is a rather complicated production. Today, the needs of government agencies do not require too much agar-agar as a nutrient medium for growing various microorganisms. And the food and confectionery industry uses cheaper Chinese agar.The next equally well-known red algae of the Far Eastern seas is porphyry. The red color of this algae resembles the purple porphyry mantle worn by royalty. Some types of porphyry can reach a height of 1 m. This seaweed is very much loved by Japanese, Chinese, and Korean chefs. It is the basis of many Asian dishes.Currently, another red algae, chondrus, has come under the close attention of scientists in the Far East. The color of this algae can be from carmine, purple to pink and green-yellow colors. A technology has been developed to produce a gel-forming substance called carrageenan from this algae. This substance can be used in the meat, dairy, and bakery industries as a natural thickener. In addition, the dried parts of the chondrus can be used in cosmetics to gently remove and exfoliate the upper layer of the skin. Chondrus extract restores youth and smooth texture to the skin.In addition to the listed scarlets, dozens of species of red algae live in the Far Eastern seas, among them are:- nemalion worm-shaped - has unbranched wine-red layers up to 1 m high;- hyalasiphonia turf - crimson algae with branched bushes up to 30 cm high;- protected rhodomela - the layer has a dark almost black color, the algae branches well, the branches are covered with short thorns; Despite the fact that the red algae of the Far Eastern seas are still They are not widely popular, and today it can already be assumed that they are the future of many anti-cancer drugs. Today, according to statistics, it is the use of red algae by Japanese women that helps them overcome breast cancer.In addition, an effective drug can be created on the basis of red algae, which will help to cope with the HIV virus. It is possible that it is from these marine plants that a cure for old age will be obtained, because today it has been proven that extracts from red algae slow down aging and have antioxidant activity, improve brain function, remove toxins, normalize stomach function, and are able to reduce cholesterol and blood sugar levels. https://drbet.org.uk/
